{"note":"Every event links to its source. A gap is a fact about time, not a claim about motives.","clocks":[{"ledgerId":"bpa","substance":"BPA","events":[{"date":"1993","kind":"science","text":"By 1993, a published study reported BPA as estrogenic and released from polycarbonate.","quote":"Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving.","source":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8504731/","sourceLabel":"Endocrinology, 1993"},{"date":"2011-01-28","kind":"rule","text":"EU bans BPA in plastic baby bottles: manufacture from 1 March 2011, sale from 1 June 2011.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/8/oj","sourceLabel":"Directive 2011/8/EU"},{"date":"2024-12-19","kind":"rule","text":"EU adopts rules on BPA and other bisphenols in food contact materials, with transition periods.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/3190/oj","sourceLabel":"Regulation (EU) 2024/3190"}]},{"ledgerId":"pfas","substance":"PFOA","events":[{"date":"1980","kind":"science","text":"By 1980, animal toxicity studies of the PFOA salt APFO were published.","quote":"Animal toxicity studies with ammonium perfluorooctanoate.","source":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6773404/","sourceLabel":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 1980"},{"date":"2020-04-08","kind":"rule","text":"EU restricts PFOA under its persistent organic pollutants rules, applying from 4 July 2020.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/784/oj","sourceLabel":"Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/784"},{"date":"2023-12-01","kind":"agency","text":"IARC classifies PFOA as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).","source":"https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/iarc-monographs-evaluate-the-carcinogenicity-of-perfluorooctanoic-acid-pfoa-and-perfluorooctanesulfonic-acid-pfos/","sourceLabel":"IARC Monographs, 2023"}]},{"ledgerId":"dehp","substance":"DEHP","events":[{"date":"1953","kind":"science","text":"By 1953, a chronic oral toxicity study of DEHP in animals was published.","quote":"Chronic oral toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate of rats, guinea pigs, and dogs.","source":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13079323/","sourceLabel":"PubMed 13079323, 1953"},{"date":"2005-12-14","kind":"rule","text":"EU limits DEHP, DBP and BBP to 0.1% in toys and childcare articles, applying from 16 January 2007.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2005/84/oj","sourceLabel":"Directive 2005/84/EC"}]},{"ledgerId":"oxybenzone","substance":"Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3)","events":[{"date":"1991","kind":"science","text":"By 1991, contact and photocontact allergy to oxybenzone was reported.","quote":"Contact and photocontact allergy to oxybenzone and mexenone.","source":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1935041/","sourceLabel":"Contact Dermatitis, 1991"},{"date":"2022-07-07","kind":"rule","text":"EU lowers benzophenone-3 limits in cosmetics: 6% face, hand and lip products; 2.2% body products; 0.5% others.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1176/oj","sourceLabel":"Regulation (EU) 2022/1176"}]},{"ledgerId":"propylparaben","substance":"Parabens","events":[{"date":"1998","kind":"science","text":"By 1998, a published study reported some parabens as estrogenic.","quote":"Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic.","source":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9875295/","sourceLabel":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1998"},{"date":"2014-04-09","kind":"rule","text":"EU bans five parabens in cosmetics (isopropyl-, isobutyl-, phenyl-, benzyl- and pentylparaben). Propylparaben was not banned by this rule.","source":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/358/oj","sourceLabel":"Regulation (EU) No 358/2014"}]}]}