{"v":1,"ledgerId":"2-butoxyethanol","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T21:58:25.864Z","query":"(TITLE:(\"2-Butoxyethanol\" OR \"BUTOXYETHANOL\" OR \"2-BUTOXYETHANOL\" OR \"ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER\" OR \"111-76-2\") OR ABSTRACT:(\"2-Butoxyethanol\" OR \"BUTOXYETHANOL\" OR \"2-BUTOXYETHANOL\" OR \"ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER\" OR \"111-76-2\")) AND (TOXICITY OR EXPOSURE OR \"ENDOCRINE\" OR \"REPRODUCTIVE\" OR CARCINOGEN* OR \"BIOMONITORING\" OR \"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW\") AND SRC:MED AND LANG:eng","totalPapers":192,"lastYearPapers":6,"analysed":22,"byFunding":{"independent":12,"industry":1,"mixed":0,"none_declared":0,"unclear":9},"byDesign":{"human":7,"animal":2,"in_vitro":4,"review":0,"other":9},"byFinding":{"concern":11,"no_effect":10,"mixed":1},"gap":{"independent":{"concern":6,"total":12},"industry":{"concern":0,"total":1}},"fundingSources":{"full_text":6,"grant_metadata":13,"abstract":0,"none":3},"newestPublished":"2026-05-12","papers":[{"id":"pmid:42128222","pmid":"42128222","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128304","title":"Particle and mass-based microplastic burden, additive screening, and surface elemental signatures in commercial shrimp (Penaeus indicus) from Gresik industrialized coast, Indonesia: implications for human dietary exposure.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-05-12","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"2-Butoxyethanol was identified as a dominant plastic-associated additive in microplastics isolated from commercial shrimp harvested in Gresik, Indonesia.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41341129","pmid":"41341129","pmcid":"PMC12668926","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1691853","title":"Harnessing serum VOCs and machine learning for the early detection of MAFLD.","journal":"Frontiers in endocrinology","published":"2025-11-18","design":"human_case_control","finding":"concern","summary":"Serum 2-butoxyethanol was identified as an upregulated volatile organic compound distinguishing patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease from healthy controls.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Natural Science Foundation\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41228012","pmid":"41228012","pmcid":"PMC12608519","doi":"10.3390/ma18215055","title":"Permeation of 2-Butoxyethanol Through Multiple Layers of a Disposable Nitrile Glove Material and a Single Layer of Microflex 93-260.","journal":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2025-11-06","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Multiple layers of disposable nitrile gloves and a single layer of Microflex glove material reduced the permeation and breakthrough of 2-butoxyethanol compared to a single nitrile layer.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"HHS\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:40722566","pmid":"40722566","pmcid":"PMC12293303","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15141817","title":"Diagnostic Potential of Volatile Organic Compounds in Detecting Insulin Resistance Among Taiwanese Women.","journal":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2025-07-18","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"mixed","summary":"In a study of 1,432 Taiwanese women, exhaled butoxyethanol was identified among key volatile organic compounds and was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Hospital\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:40369961","pmid":"40369961","pmcid":"PMC12124216","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11274","title":"Influence of Cleaning on Indoor Air Concentrations of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Residences.","journal":"Environmental science & technology","published":"2025-05-14","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Carpet cleaning was associated with direct emissions of 2-butoxyethanol, which persisted at elevated indoor air concentrations for days after cleaning.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:38730557","pmid":"38730557","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/jat.4627","title":"Immediate dry decontamination using efficient absorbent materials is beneficial following skin exposure to low-volatile toxic chemicals.","journal":"Journal of applied toxicology : JAT","published":"2024-05-10","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"In an in vitro human skin model, dry decontamination procedures significantly decreased the skin penetration rate of 2-butoxyethanol compared to no decontamination.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37858699","pmid":"37858699","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122729","title":"Potential hazards of typical small molecular organic matters in shale gas wastewater for wheat irrigation: 2-butoxyethanol and dimethylbenzylamine.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2023-10-18","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Irrigation of wheat with 2-butoxyethanol led to tissue absorption, altered element enrichment, and arsenic or chromium concentrations in grains exceeding safety limits in some cases.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37709066","pmid":"37709066","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139570","title":"Volatile organic compounds emitted by conventional and \"green\" cleaning products in the U.S. market.","journal":"Chemosphere","published":"2023-09-12","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Analysis of cleaning product emissions identified 2-butoxyethanol among conventional products with the highest hazard indices.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37660942","pmid":"37660942","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105492","title":"The acute vapour inhalation toxicity of 2-butoxyethanol. Points considered when designing and conducting a study in Guinea pigs and evaluating existing inhalation toxicity data on low volatility solvents.","journal":"Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP","published":"2023-09-03","design":"animal","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Guinea pigs exposed for 4 hours to the maximum attainable concentration of pure 2-butoxyethanol vapour showed no adverse effects.","funding":"industry","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["industry: \"Cefic\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37669006","pmid":"37669006","pmcid":"PMC10516613","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxad049","title":"Estimating exposures from spray products using robotic simulations.","journal":"Annals of work exposures and health","published":"2023-09-01","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A robotic simulation of glass cleaner application measured an average 2-butoxyethanol air concentration of 0.15 ppm to estimate inhalation exposure.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":true,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University Research Instrumentation Program The research was funded by ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. (EMBSI). The Apptronik Scorpio arm was acquired through an Office of Naval Research Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (ONR DURIP) grant\"","COI: \"employed by\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37576203","pmid":"37576203","pmcid":"PMC10413063","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18583","title":"Health risk assessment of exposure to various vapors and fumes in a factory of automobile manufacturing.","journal":"Heliyon","published":"2023-07-22","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"Air concentration and non-cancer hazard quotient for 2-butoxyethanol exceeded threshold limit values and acceptable limits among 115 automobile manufacturing workers.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:36539105","pmid":"36539105","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105539","title":"Comparison of skin decontamination strategies in the initial operational response following chemical exposures.","journal":"Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA","published":"2022-12-17","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Rapidly initiated wet decontamination was more efficient than combined dry and wet removal following in vitro human skin exposure to 2-butoxyethanol.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:34409429","pmid":"34409429","pmcid":"PMC8989032","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxab056","title":"Estimation of Airborne Vapor Concentrations of Oil Dispersants COREXIT™ EC9527A and EC9500A, Volatile Components Associated with the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Operations.","journal":"Annals of work exposures and health","published":"2022-04-01","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Mathematical modeling of Deepwater Horizon clean-up activities indicated that airborne 2-butoxyethanol exposure may have exceeded peak occupational exposure limits under certain conditions for short periods.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Institute of Environmental Health\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:35390131","pmid":"35390131","pmcid":"PMC8989041","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxab107","title":"Assessing Exposures from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-up.","journal":"Annals of work exposures and health","published":"2022-04-01","design":"human_cohort","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Exposure modeling for Deepwater Horizon clean-up workers indicated that 2-butoxyethanol vapor concentrations from dispersants may have exceeded occupational excursion guidelines under certain circumstances.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Institute of Environmental Health\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:32979392","pmid":"32979392","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.taap.2020.115249","title":"The effects of aliphatic alcohols and related acid metabolites in zebrafish embryos - correlations with rat developmental toxicity and with effects in advanced life stages in fish.","journal":"Toxicology and applied pharmacology","published":"2020-09-24","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Zebrafish embryo toxicity testing of twelve compounds, including 2-butoxyethanol, showed developmental and lethal effects correlating with toxicity in advanced fish life stages and rats.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:32019845","pmid":"32019845","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1136/oemed-2019-106120","title":"Case-control study of brain and other central nervous system cancer among workers at semiconductor and storage device manufacturing facilities.","journal":"Occupational and environmental medicine","published":"2020-02-04","design":"human_case_control","finding":"concern","summary":"A nested case-control study observed positive associations between central nervous system cancer and the highest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure to 2-butoxyethanol among manufacturing workers.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:31685784","pmid":"31685784","pmcid":"PMC7286716","doi":"10.2486/indhealth.2019-0146","title":"Permeation of ethoxy- and butoxy-ethanols through a disposable nitrile glove.","journal":"Industrial health","published":"2019-11-02","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"2-Butoxyethanol permeated disposable nitrile gloves, exceeding normalized breakthrough thresholds and failing permeation criteria, indicating these gloves should not be used for protective exposure.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"HHS\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:31299602","pmid":"31299602","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2019.104972","title":"Interdisciplinary-driven hypotheses on spatial associations of mixtures of industrial air pollutants with adverse birth outcomes.","journal":"Environment international","published":"2019-07-09","design":"human_cohort","finding":"concern","summary":"Spatial data mining identified associations between adverse birth outcomes and industrial air pollutant mixtures containing 2-butoxyethanol, among other chemicals.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Research Council\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:30875733","pmid":"30875733","pmcid":"PMC6466371","doi":"10.3390/ijerph16060913","title":"Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products.","journal":"International journal of environmental research and public health","published":"2019-03-14","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A refined risk assessment of car colorant products found that 2-butoxyethanol and other analyzed chemicals do not pose health risks.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:30740706","pmid":"30740706","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1111/all.13740","title":"Exposure to indoor endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity.","journal":"Allergy","published":"2019-03-05","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"Higher classroom levels of 2-butoxyethanol were associated with obesity in a cross-sectional study of 815 Portuguese schoolchildren.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Fundação para a Ciência\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:30379962","pmid":"30379962","pmcid":"PMC6209206","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0205458","title":"Percutaneous absorption of thirty-eight organic solvents in vitro using pig skin.","journal":"PloS one","published":"2018-10-31","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Percutaneous absorption of 38 organic solvents, including neat and diluted 2-butoxyethanol, was measured in vitro using new-born piglet skin in static diffusion cells.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":true,"fundingEvidence":["COI: \"Stock\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:29433907","pmid":"29433907","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.057","title":"In vitro nuclear receptor inhibition and cytotoxicity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and their binary mixtures.","journal":"Chemosphere","published":"2018-01-09","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"2-Butoxyethanol did not demonstrate agonist or antagonist activity across estrogen, androgen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, or PPARγ nuclear receptor reporter gene assays in vitro.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false}],"model":"gemini-3.8-flash","run":{"aiCalls":39,"cachedPapers":0,"offTopic":17,"inputTokens":25492,"outputTokens":4881}}