{"v":1,"ledgerId":"bht-bha","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T21:17:56.504Z","query":"(TITLE:(\"BHA\" OR \"BHT\" OR \"BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE\" OR \"BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE\" OR \"25013-16-5\") OR ABSTRACT:(\"BHA\" OR \"BHT\" OR \"BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE\" OR \"BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE\" OR \"25013-16-5\")) AND (TOXICITY OR EXPOSURE OR \"ENDOCRINE\" OR \"REPRODUCTIVE\" OR CARCINOGEN* OR \"BIOMONITORING\" OR \"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW\") AND SRC:MED AND LANG:eng","totalPapers":2230,"lastYearPapers":118,"analysed":14,"byFunding":{"independent":7,"industry":0,"mixed":0,"none_declared":1,"unclear":6},"byDesign":{"human":5,"animal":3,"in_vitro":1,"review":0,"other":5},"byFinding":{"concern":10,"no_effect":3,"mixed":1},"gap":{"independent":{"concern":6,"total":7},"industry":{"concern":0,"total":0}},"fundingSources":{"full_text":2,"grant_metadata":8,"abstract":0,"none":4},"newestPublished":"2026-10-09","papers":[{"id":"pmid:42854410","pmid":"42854410","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131127","title":"From source to sink: Multimedia fate, seasonal drivers, and priority control of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in typical bays of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China.","journal":"Journal of environmental management","published":"2026-10-09","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Monitoring in Chinese bays detected synthetic phenolic antioxidants across multimedia compartments, identifying BHT as a major concern in provisional risk screening.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42878794","pmid":"42878794","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c08687","title":"Associations of Early Pregnancy Contaminant Exposure with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Mediation by Metabolic Pathway Perturbations.","journal":"Environmental science & technology","published":"2026-10-01","design":"human_case_control","finding":"concern","summary":"Early pregnancy serum levels of BHT-COOH were significantly associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a nested case-control study.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42778013","pmid":"42778013","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129183","title":"Acute toxicities to typical aquatic organisms of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and QSAR study: The vital role of water solubility.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-09-23","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Synthetic phenolic antioxidants including BHT were evaluated for acute effects in Danio rerio and Scenedesmus obliquus, with BHT inducing oxidative stress and organelle damage in algal cells.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42715628","pmid":"42715628","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120779","title":"Maternal-fetal distribution of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and their associations with gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional analysis nested within the Chongqing PREBIC cohort.","journal":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","published":"2026-09-09","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"Elevated maternal plasma concentrations of BHT-derived transformation products, particularly BHT-quinol, were associated with significantly increased odds of gestational diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disruptions.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42737388","pmid":"42737388","pmcid":"PMC13565735","doi":"10.3390/foods15173145","title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Lard.","journal":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2026-09-04","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"The study evaluated the antioxidant effects of BHT and other synthetic and natural antioxidants on the oxidative stability of lard.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42737319","pmid":"42737319","pmcid":"PMC13564581","doi":"10.3390/foods15173075","title":"Enhanced Oxidative Stability of Walnut Kernels by Lipid-Soluble Antioxidant Combinations: From Individual Screening to Ternary Formulation.","journal":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2026-08-30","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"BHT alone and in combination formulations improved the oxidative stability of walnut kernels subjected to accelerated storage.","funding":"none_declared","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["none: \"This research received no\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42648189","pmid":"42648189","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143379","title":"Nanoplastic interference at the air-water interface modulate the fate and toxic persistence of BHT and BHTQ: A multi-scale computational study.","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","published":"2026-08-24","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Computational simulations show nanoplastics alter the interfacial behavior of BHT and BHTQ and suppress the oxidation of BHTQ, delaying detoxification.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42595029","pmid":"42595029","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.125481","title":"Association between prenatal synthetic phenolic antioxidant exposure and gestational blood pressure: Evidence from a prospective cohort study.","journal":"Environmental research","published":"2026-08-13","design":"human_cohort","finding":"mixed","summary":"A prospective cohort study of 1,368 pregnant women found trimester-specific associations between prenatal BHA and BHT-CHO exposure and gestational blood pressure.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42567015","pmid":"42567015","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110450","title":"Serum synthetic phenolic antioxidants, transformation products, and thyroid homeostasis in adults from eastern China: Association and benchmark dose assessment.","journal":"Environment international","published":"2026-08-04","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"Serum exposure to synthetic phenolic antioxidants, including a BHT transformation product, was significantly associated with altered thyroid hormone levels in 810 Chinese adults.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42497713","pmid":"42497713","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150529","title":"Novel transformation products of synthetic antioxidants in serum samples from general population.","journal":"Food chemistry","published":"2026-07-22","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Serum analysis of the general population identified synthetic antioxidants and transformation products, with oxidative BHT and hydroxylated BHA products detected at higher concentrations than their parent compounds.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42320549","pmid":"42320549","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110600","title":"Effects of long-term exposure to 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene and its transformation product 2,6-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone on development and reproduction in zebrafish.","journal":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP","published":"2026-06-19","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Chronic exposure to BHT and BHT-Q impaired embryonic development, altered HPGL axis gene expression and estrogen levels, and reduced reproductive fitness in zebrafish.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42253046","pmid":"42253046","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/01480545.2026.2681174","title":"Frequently utilized food additives contribute to immune system dysfunction, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.","journal":"Drug and chemical toxicology","published":"2026-06-08","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Oral exposure to BHA for four weeks in female mice induced immune system dysfunction, altered oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and increased splenocyte apoptosis.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42000183","pmid":"42000183","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125927","title":"Identification of organic contaminants in surface water using non-target screening and prediction of their bioaccumulation in fish using PBTK modeling: Evidence from a northern Chinese lake.","journal":"Water research","published":"2026-04-12","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Non-target screening and PBTK modeling identified butylated hydroxytoluene in surface water and fish, ranking it among 22 priority compounds for ecological risk.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42644011","pmid":"42644011","pmcid":"PMC13504553","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00797","title":"A <i>NANOG</i>-<i>EGFP</i> iPSC-Based Reporter Platform for High-Throughput Screening of Environmental Pollutant Effects on Pluripotency.","journal":"Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)","published":"2026-04-01","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"A human iPSC reporter assay demonstrated that the BHT metabolite BHT-COOH significantly suppressed NANOG-EGFP expression at concentrations as low as 10 nmol/L.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false}],"model":"gemini-3.8-flash","run":{"aiCalls":38,"cachedPapers":2,"offTopic":26,"inputTokens":27688,"outputTokens":4820}}