{"v":1,"ledgerId":"nitrites","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T21:47:44.714Z","query":"(TITLE:(\"Sodium Nitrite\" OR \"SODIUM NITRITE\" OR \"POTASSIUM NITRITE\" OR \"POTASSIUM NITRATE\" OR \"7632-00-0\") OR ABSTRACT:(\"Sodium Nitrite\" OR \"SODIUM NITRITE\" OR \"POTASSIUM NITRITE\" OR \"POTASSIUM NITRATE\" OR \"7632-00-0\")) AND (TOXICITY OR EXPOSURE OR \"ENDOCRINE\" OR \"REPRODUCTIVE\" OR CARCINOGEN* OR \"BIOMONITORING\" OR \"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW\") AND SRC:MED AND LANG:eng","totalPapers":1091,"lastYearPapers":69,"analysed":27,"byFunding":{"independent":17,"industry":0,"mixed":0,"none_declared":2,"unclear":8},"byDesign":{"human":7,"animal":4,"in_vitro":3,"review":1,"other":12},"byFinding":{"concern":6,"no_effect":19,"mixed":2},"gap":{"independent":{"concern":2,"total":17},"industry":{"concern":0,"total":0}},"fundingSources":{"full_text":16,"grant_metadata":7,"abstract":0,"none":4},"newestPublished":"2026-10-19","papers":[{"id":"pmid:42919129","pmid":"42919129","pmcid":"PMC13688782","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05814-x","title":"An exploratory 12-week pilot study of gut microbiota and body-weight patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in Wistar rats.","journal":"BMC microbiology","published":"2026-10-19","design":"animal","finding":"mixed","summary":"Sodium nitrite exposure showed higher relative Proteobacteria abundance at several time points in rats, but exploratory findings did not establish group-level treatment effects.","funding":"none_declared","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["none: \"This research received no\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42729720","pmid":"42729720","pmcid":"PMC13563550","doi":"10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104363","title":"Residual nitrite dynamics, bioactive responses, and lipid oxidation in beef sausages formulated with fermented radish and beetroot powders during refrigerated storage.","journal":"Food chemistry: X","published":"2026-08-27","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Fermented radish and beetroot powders were evaluated alongside sodium nitrite in beef sausages for effects on residual nitrite, lipid oxidation, microbial load, and sensory attributes during storage.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University (STU-KSU) , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Grant\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42662312","pmid":"42662312","pmcid":"PMC13520475","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c10558","title":"Fast-Food Component-Induced Epigenetic Modifications Modulate Immunotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer.","journal":"ACS omega","published":"2026-08-10","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Sodium nitrite was evaluated alongside other food components in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with reported epigenetic and stemness alterations attributed only to MSG, AA, and SS.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42569047","pmid":"42569047","pmcid":"PMC13449020","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2026.10246","title":"Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of sodium nitrite for pigs, bovines, poultry, sheep, goats, rabbits and horses (ADDCON Europe GmbH).","journal":"EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority","published":"2026-08-07","design":"other","finding":"mixed","summary":"EFSA concluded sodium nitrite as a silage additive is safe for target species, consumers, and the environment, but identified it as an eye irritant for users.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42668821","pmid":"42668821","pmcid":"PMC13525784","doi":"10.7759/cureus.113663","title":"Two Cases of Intentional Sodium Nitrite Poisoning With Contrasting Outcomes: The Critical Role of Early Recognition and Treatment.","journal":"Cureus","published":"2026-07-30","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Two cases of intentional sodium nitrite ingestion resulted in severe methemoglobinemia, leading to one fatality following delayed care and recovery in the second patient after prompt methylene blue treatment.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42361501","pmid":"42361501","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107912","title":"Sublethal effects and bioaccumulation of \"smart\" anti-corrosion nanoadditives spiked in sediment in the ragworm Hediste diversicolor.","journal":"Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","published":"2026-06-26","design":"animal","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Exposure of juvenile Hediste diversicolor to nanostructured sodium nitrite in spiked sediment caused no significant toxicity across evaluated biochemical biomarkers.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Research Foundation\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42336824","pmid":"42336824","pmcid":"PMC13291328","doi":"10.1038/s41405-026-00452-x","title":"Toothpastes containing potassium nitrate alone versus potassium nitrate combined with aluminum lactate in reducing dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized controlled trial.","journal":"BDJ open","published":"2026-06-23","design":"human_rct","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A randomized controlled trial in 127 participants showed that toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate effectively reduced dentin hypersensitivity under tactile and air stimulation compared to placebo.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42629030","pmid":"42629030","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119793","title":"Impact of sodium nitrite reduction on microbiological safety and quality of cooked-smoked traditional Portuguese sausage (Chourição).","journal":"Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)","published":"2026-06-21","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Reducing sodium nitrite to 80 ppm in Portuguese chourição maintained quality attributes and inhibited Clostridium sporogenes outgrowth at 4 to 15 °C.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Fundação para a Ciência\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42290626","pmid":"42290626","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/15563650.2026.2675040","title":"Analysis of patients with hydrogen sulfide poisoning reported to the Taiwan Poison Control Center between 1986 and 2021.","journal":"Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)","published":"2026-06-15","design":"human_cohort","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Administration of sodium nitrite prior to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in hydrogen sulfide-poisoned patients was not statistically significantly associated with reduced mortality.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42226162","pmid":"42226162","pmcid":"PMC13449575","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09120-6","title":"Growth and biochemical responses of crown imperial (Fritillaria imperialis L.) to bulb size and potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>) treatment.","journal":"BMC plant biology","published":"2026-06-01","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Pre-planting treatment of Fritillaria imperialis bulbs with potassium nitrate enhanced growth parameters, pigment contents, and reproductive performance.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University of Kurdistan (grant\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42237694","pmid":"42237694","pmcid":"PMC13581089","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70919","title":"Impact of inorganic nitrate on renal sodium excretion during saline loading in healthy adults; secondary endpoints from a randomized crossover trial.","journal":"Physiological reports","published":"2026-06-01","design":"human_rct","finding":"concern","summary":"Potassium nitrate supplementation did not alter renal sodium excretion during saline loading but was associated with increased central diastolic blood pressure and decreased plasma cGMP levels.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42195854","pmid":"42195854","pmcid":"PMC13206020","doi":"10.3390/foods15101651","title":"Fermented Radish and Beetroot Powder as Natural Sources of Nitrite in Beef Burger.","journal":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2026-05-09","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Fermented radish and beetroot powders were evaluated as natural nitrite substitutes, demonstrating preservation and quality attributes comparable to sodium nitrite in refrigerated beef burgers.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42026454","pmid":"42026454","pmcid":"PMC13238103","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08440-x","title":"Multivariate analysis of ecotypic responses of Scrophularia striata to germination-enhancing treatments.","journal":"BMC plant biology","published":"2026-04-23","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Potassium nitrate seed priming was less effective than gibberellic acid at enhancing germination and seedling growth parameters in two ecotypes of Scrophularia striata.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41856308","pmid":"41856308","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116066","title":"Dietary exposure to 77 food additives in a sample of Brazilian children aged 1-3 years: a Tier 2b screening assessment.","journal":"Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association","published":"2026-03-18","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"A dietary screening assessment in Brazilian children aged 1-3 years found estimated intake of sodium nitrite exceeded Health-Based Guidance Values for both mean and 95th percentile exposure.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Research Foundation\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41830461","pmid":"41830461","pmcid":"PMC12988476","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.70985","title":"Reduced Nitrates/Nitrites and Natural Additives in Organic Fermented Dry-Cured Sausages: Effects on Microbiological Safety, Quality, and Consumer Acceptance.","journal":"Journal of food science","published":"2026-03-01","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Partially replacing potassium nitrate or sodium nitrite with hydroxytyrosol in dry-cured sausages reduced lipid oxidation but resulted in higher Listeria monocytogenes counts than full-dose controls.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Government\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41760980","pmid":"41760980","pmcid":"PMC12948845","doi":"10.1007/s00784-026-06776-0","title":"Effect of different material protocols on the control of dentin hypersensitivity: a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial.","journal":"Clinical oral investigations","published":"2026-02-28","design":"human_rct","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A randomized controlled split-mouth trial found that adding adhesive and resin to a 3% potassium nitrate desensitizer did not alter dentin hypersensitivity pain reduction or quality of life.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41748733","pmid":"41748733","pmcid":"PMC13048997","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-41546-8","title":"The effect of seed priming on yield and germination properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).","journal":"Scientific reports","published":"2026-02-27","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Potassium nitrate seed priming positively affected quinoa seed germination characteristics in laboratory experiments.","funding":"none_declared","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["none: \"did not receive any specific grant\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41724486","pmid":"41724486","pmcid":"PMC13197896","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101239","title":"A clinical study examining the effects of dietary nitrate on urinary N-nitrosamines.","journal":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","published":"2026-02-20","design":"human_rct","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A randomized controlled trial showed that 5-week dietary intake of potassium nitrate or nitrate-rich vegetables did not increase urinary excretion of N-nitrosamines in participants with mild hypertension.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Medical Research Council\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41699587","pmid":"41699587","pmcid":"PMC12954970","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-07749-1","title":"Evaluation of the effects of different remineralizing agents on the microhardness and mineral content of bleached enamel along different storage times.","journal":"BMC oral health","published":"2026-02-17","design":"in_vitro","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Potassium nitrate with fluoride and other remineralizing agents restored Vickers microhardness and fluoride content in bleached human enamel specimens over 30 days.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41848826","pmid":"41848826","pmcid":"PMC12994994","doi":"10.1007/s44463-025-00037-6","title":"Individual and interactive effects of heating temperature, sodium nitrite concentration, and simulated gastric conditions on nitrosamine formation in pork sausages.","journal":"Food science of animal resources","published":"2026-02-11","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Higher sodium nitrite concentrations and heating temperatures increased NDMA formation in pork sausages, while simulated gastric conditions primarily influenced NPIP and NPYR formation.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41591268","pmid":"41591268","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/09603123.2026.2619032","title":"Drinking water containing nitrites in Sohag Governorate-Egypt, induced biochemical and hematological alterations in male albino rats: mitigation by vitamin C and cod liver oil.","journal":"International journal of environmental health research","published":"2026-01-27","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Sodium nitrite and nitrite-contaminated groundwater induced biochemical and hematological alterations in male rats, which were improved by treatment with vitamin C or cod liver oil.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41547164","pmid":"41547164","pmcid":"PMC12856180","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106377","title":"Evaluation of poultry meat freshness at post slaughter condition through Beta vulgaris L. extract: A natural alternative to synthetic antioxidant.","journal":"Poultry science","published":"2026-01-03","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Potassium nitrate reduced lipid oxidation and microbial loads in post-slaughter poultry meat, but beetroot extract demonstrated superior preservation of meat quality parameters.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41359866","pmid":"41359866","pmcid":"PMC13471807","doi":"10.1111/jerd.70070","title":"Evaluating the Efficiency and Tooth Sensitivity of a Novel Whitening Strip: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.","journal":"Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]","published":"2025-12-08","design":"human_rct","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A randomized controlled trial showed whitening strips containing 1.5% potassium nitrate and 3% hydrogen peroxide effectively whitened teeth while reducing tooth sensitivity compared to strips without potassium nitrate.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41246984","pmid":"41246984","pmcid":"PMC12872242","doi":"10.1002/jsfa.70329","title":"Evaluation of celery extract as a natural alternative to sodium nitrite in fresh chicken sausages during refrigerated storage.","journal":"Journal of the science of food and agriculture","published":"2025-11-17","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Celery extract was evaluated as an alternative to sodium nitrite in fresh chicken sausages, showing comparable initial color stabilization and moderate antioxidant activity during refrigerated storage.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41235427","pmid":"41235427","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/jsfa.70314","title":"Investigation of the use of anthocyanins in Cantonese sausage as a nitrite alternative.","journal":"Journal of the science of food and agriculture","published":"2025-11-14","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Anthocyanins partially replaced sodium nitrite in Cantonese sausages, reducing lipid oxidation, residual nitrite, and microbial counts while preserving red color.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:40884608","pmid":"40884608","pmcid":"PMC13132881","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01066-9","title":"Suicide by sodium nitrite ingestion: a systematic review.","journal":"Forensic science, medicine, and pathology","published":"2025-08-30","design":"systematic_review","finding":"concern","summary":"A systematic review of 94 fatal sodium nitrite ingestions found elevated blood methemoglobin, nitrite, and nitrate levels along with autopsy findings related to asphyxia.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:40702690","pmid":"40702690","pmcid":"PMC12949163","doi":"10.1113/ep092501","title":"Nitrite supplementation alleviates cerebrovascular dysfunction in chronically stressed mice, but cognitive decline remains.","journal":"Experimental physiology","published":"2025-07-23","design":"animal","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Sodium nitrite supplementation prevented chronic stress-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice, but did not fully prevent cognitive impairment.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"NIH\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false}],"model":"gemini-3.8-flash","run":{"aiCalls":40,"cachedPapers":0,"offTopic":13,"inputTokens":27779,"outputTokens":5306}}