{"v":1,"ledgerId":"nonylphenol","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T22:29:16.779Z","query":"(TITLE:(\"Nonylphenol Ethoxylates\" OR \"NONOXYNOL-9\" OR \"NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATE\" OR \"NONOXYNOL-10\" OR \"9016-45-9\") OR ABSTRACT:(\"Nonylphenol Ethoxylates\" OR \"NONOXYNOL-9\" OR \"NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATE\" OR \"NONOXYNOL-10\" OR \"9016-45-9\")) AND (TOXICITY OR EXPOSURE OR \"ENDOCRINE\" OR \"REPRODUCTIVE\" OR CARCINOGEN* OR \"BIOMONITORING\" OR \"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW\") AND SRC:MED AND LANG:eng","totalPapers":400,"lastYearPapers":8,"analysed":24,"byFunding":{"independent":17,"industry":0,"mixed":0,"none_declared":0,"unclear":7},"byDesign":{"human":0,"animal":8,"in_vitro":5,"review":1,"other":10},"byFinding":{"concern":17,"no_effect":6,"mixed":1},"gap":{"independent":{"concern":11,"total":17},"industry":{"concern":0,"total":0}},"fundingSources":{"full_text":8,"grant_metadata":13,"abstract":0,"none":3},"newestPublished":"2026-08-26","papers":[{"id":"pmid:42644688","pmid":"42644688","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/10934529.2026.2722474","title":"Study of the combined-carrier dual mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics and nonylphenol ethoxylates on bovine serum albumin.","journal":"Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering","published":"2026-08-26","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates and polyethylene terephthalate microplastics bound to bovine serum albumin, altering its conformation, reducing esterase-like activity, and altering thiol content.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42246964","pmid":"42246964","pmcid":"PMC13292980","doi":"10.1530/raf-25-0123","title":"Combined nonoxynol-9 and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 for barrier contraception.","journal":"Reproduction & fertility","published":"2026-04-01","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonoxynol-9 demonstrated spermicidal activity, caused skin epidermal hyperplasia and vaginal irritation in mice, and reduced the antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptide LL-37.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41793491","pmid":"41793491","pmcid":"PMC12967399","doi":"10.1007/s00128-026-04197-z","title":"Subchronic Exposure to Nonylphenol Ethoxylate at Environmentally Relevant Level Promotes Mutagenic, Neurotoxic, and Pro-oxidant Effects in Bullfrog Tadpoles.","journal":"Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","published":"2026-03-07","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Subchronic exposure to 30 µg L−1 nonylphenol ethoxylate caused clastogenic and aneugenic effects, impaired cholinergic function, and induced oxidative stress in bullfrog tadpoles.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:41380359","pmid":"41380359","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107679","title":"Interactive effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) exposure and thermal stress on oxidative stress biomarkers and neurotoxicity in bullfrog tadpoles.","journal":"Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","published":"2025-12-08","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Acute exposure to nonylphenol ethoxylate caused hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in bullfrog tadpoles, with effects modulated by elevated temperature.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:40870755","pmid":"40870755","pmcid":"PMC12385684","doi":"10.3390/foods14162842","title":"HPLC-MS Detection of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Lauryl Ethoxylates in Foodstuffs and the Inner Coatings of High-Barrier Pouches.","journal":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2025-08-16","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates with 4-10 oxyethylene units were detected in extracts from high-barrier food pouches and food contents using HPLC-MS.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Ministry of\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:39470893","pmid":"39470893","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02822-3","title":"Subchronic exposure to nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) induces cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in American bullfrog tadpoles: a mechanistic approach.","journal":"Ecotoxicology (London, England)","published":"2024-10-29","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Subchronic exposure to 30 µg/L nonylphenol ethoxylate induced oxidative stress, reduced hepatic and ventricular mass, and caused cardiac dysfunction in American bullfrog tadpoles.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:39053780","pmid":"39053780","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142931","title":"Hybrid process combining ultrafiltration and electro-oxidation for COD and nonylphenol ethoxylate removal from industrial laundry wastewater.","journal":"Chemosphere","published":"2024-07-23","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A combined ultrafiltration and electro-oxidation process achieved 97% degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in industrial laundry wastewater under optimized operational conditions.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Research Council\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:38642772","pmid":"38642772","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142084","title":"Microbial synergies drive simultaneous biodegradation of ethoxy and alkyl chains of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate in fluidized bed reactors.","journal":"Chemosphere","published":"2024-04-19","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Fluidized bed reactors coupled with fumarate enhanced the biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylate ethoxy and alkyl chains via microbial consortia.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:38607492","pmid":"38607492","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7","title":"Nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation in detergents during shelf time, a new exposure pathway, and a perspective on their substitution.","journal":"Environmental science and pollution research international","published":"2024-04-12","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates in commercial detergents degrade into 4-nonylphenol during storage, identifying a potential exposure pathway to this endocrine disruptor.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:38346514","pmid":"38346514","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141377","title":"Nonylphenol and its derivatives: Environmental distribution, treatment strategy, management and future perspectives.","journal":"Chemosphere","published":"2024-02-10","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"A review examining the distribution, toxicity mechanisms, degradation technologies, and management policies for nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37269567","pmid":"37269567","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131740","title":"Identification of key degraders for controlling toxicity risks of disguised toxic pollutants with division of labor mechanisms in activated sludge microbiomes: Using nonylphenol ethoxylate as an example.","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","published":"2023-05-30","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Co-culturing Sphingobium and Pseudomonas synergistically degraded nonylphenol ethoxylate and nonylphenol, reducing estrogenicity risk in textile activated sludge microbiomes.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37057841","pmid":"37057841","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5633","title":"Studies of Endocrine Disruptors: Nonylphenol and Isomers in Biological Models.","journal":"Environmental toxicology and chemistry","published":"2023-05-22","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"A review evaluates nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates regarding endocrine disruption and neurotoxic effects in biological models, primarily aquatic organisms.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:37049980","pmid":"37049980","pmcid":"PMC10096240","doi":"10.3390/molecules28073216","title":"SPE-UPLC-MS/MS for Determination of 36 Monomers of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in Tea.","journal":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)","published":"2023-04-04","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"An SPE-UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to measure alkylphenol ethoxylates, detecting nonylphenol ethoxylates at concentrations between 0.30 and 215.89 µg/kg in 50 marketed tea samples.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Key Research and Development Program\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:36352347","pmid":"36352347","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2022.2143287","title":"Removal of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant in batch reactors: emphasis on methanogenic potential and microbial community characterization under optimized conditions.","journal":"Environmental technology","published":"2022-11-15","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Anaerobic batch reactors achieved up to 92% removal of nonylphenol ethoxylate under optimized conditions, identifying key bacterial and archaeal taxa involved in the degradation process.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"CNPq\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:35512679","pmid":"35512679","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5357","title":"Suspect Screening and Chemical Profile Analysis of Storm-Water Runoff Following 2017 Wildfires in Northern California.","journal":"Environmental toxicology and chemistry","published":"2022-06-06","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates were detected in storm-water runoff following Northern California wildfires, with higher levels observed during the first storm event compared to the second.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:35202285","pmid":"35202285","pmcid":"PMC8879477","doi":"10.3390/toxics10020099","title":"Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish.","journal":"Toxics","published":"2022-02-20","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates promoted weight gain and adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish and induced adipogenesis in human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Institute of Environmental Health\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:35669813","pmid":"35669813","pmcid":"PMC9163250","doi":"10.1007/s40201-022-00785-3","title":"Occurrence of organic micropollutants and heavy metals in the soil after the application of stabilized sewage sludge.","journal":"Journal of environmental health science & engineering","published":"2022-01-19","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Application of stabilized sewage sludge to agricultural soil did not change the concentration of organic micropollutants, including nonylphenol ethoxylates, one year after harvest.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:35350652","pmid":"35350652","pmcid":"PMC8956826","doi":"10.1530/raf-21-0024","title":"Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis.","journal":"Reproduction & fertility","published":"2022-01-01","design":"systematic_review","finding":"concern","summary":"A systematic review and meta-analysis found that nonoxynol-9 reduces human sperm motility, damages sperm structures, and inhibits physiological activities and cervical mucus penetration.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:36304006","pmid":"36304006","pmcid":"PMC9580737","doi":"10.3389/frph.2021.714798","title":"Development of Gram Stain Scoring System Based on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Sheep Model for Testing Toxicity of Vaginal Products.","journal":"Frontiers in reproductive health","published":"2021-12-06","design":"animal","finding":"mixed","summary":"A Gram-stained slide scoring system based on vaginal microbiome and cytokine levels was developed in sheep following intravaginal administration of nonoxynol-9 and control treatments.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":true,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"NIH\"","COI: \"employed by\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:34262561","pmid":"34262561","pmcid":"PMC8273733","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.660524","title":"High-Resolution Quantitative Mapping of Macaque Cervicovaginal Epithelial Thickness: Implications for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery.","journal":"Frontiers in immunology","published":"2021-06-28","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Application of 4% nonoxynol-9 significantly decreased epithelial thickness in the vaginal fornix of rhesus macaques.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"NIH\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:33821738","pmid":"33821738","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2021.1900563","title":"Comparative in vitro study on the local tolerance and efficacy of benzalkonium chloride, myristalkonium chloride and nonoxynol-9 as active principles in vaginal contraceptives.","journal":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception","published":"2021-04-06","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonoxynol-9 reduced human sperm motility, viability, and penetration ability in vitro, and showed toxicity to HeLa cells compared to alternative spermicides.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"FCT\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:33300559","pmid":"33300559","pmcid":"PMC7876660","doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaa221","title":"Surrogate post-coital testing for contraceptive efficacy against human sperm activity in the ovine vaginal model†.","journal":"Biology of reproduction","published":"2021-02-01","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"In an ovine vaginal model, nonoxynol-9 caused dose-dependent human sperm immobilization but produced signs of acute cellular toxicity.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"NIH\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:32842049","pmid":"32842049","pmcid":"PMC8793461","doi":"10.1097/olq.0000000000001272","title":"Clinical and Personal Lubricants Impact the Growth of Vaginal Lactobacillus Species and Colonization of Vaginal Epithelial Cells: An in Vitro Study.","journal":"Sexually transmitted diseases","published":"2021-01-01","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Lubricants containing nonoxynol-9 significantly inhibited the growth of vaginal Lactobacillus species in an in vitro model.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"NIH\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:32750586","pmid":"32750586","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2020.116137","title":"Nonylphenol ethoxylates biodegradation increases estrogenicity of textile wastewater in biological treatment systems.","journal":"Water research","published":"2020-07-04","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Nonylphenol ethoxylate biodegradation in textile wastewater treatment increased effluent estrogenicity primarily through the formation of nonylphenol.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false}],"model":"gemini-3.8-flash","run":{"aiCalls":40,"cachedPapers":0,"offTopic":16,"inputTokens":26920,"outputTokens":5371}}