{"v":1,"ledgerId":"tcep-tdcpp","generatedAt":"2026-11-05T22:32:48.555Z","query":"(TITLE:(\"Chlorinated Organophosphate Flame Retardants\" OR \"TRIS(1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE\" OR \"TDCIPP\" OR \"TCEP\" OR \"13674-87-8\") OR ABSTRACT:(\"Chlorinated Organophosphate Flame Retardants\" OR \"TRIS(1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE\" OR \"TDCIPP\" OR \"TCEP\" OR \"13674-87-8\")) AND (TOXICITY OR EXPOSURE OR \"ENDOCRINE\" OR \"REPRODUCTIVE\" OR CARCINOGEN* OR \"BIOMONITORING\" OR \"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW\") AND SRC:MED AND LANG:eng","totalPapers":827,"lastYearPapers":92,"analysed":33,"byFunding":{"independent":22,"industry":0,"mixed":0,"none_declared":0,"unclear":11},"byDesign":{"human":4,"animal":14,"in_vitro":4,"review":0,"other":11},"byFinding":{"concern":25,"no_effect":6,"mixed":2},"gap":{"independent":{"concern":17,"total":22},"industry":{"concern":0,"total":0}},"fundingSources":{"full_text":3,"grant_metadata":21,"abstract":0,"none":9},"newestPublished":"2026-10-30","papers":[{"id":"pmid:42962795","pmid":"42962795","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.116105","title":"Calcium dysregulation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and hippocampal necroptosis in TDCPP-induced cognitive impairment.","journal":"Experimental neurology","published":"2026-10-30","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Subchronic TDCPP exposure in mice and SH-SY5Y cells caused cognitive deficits, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hippocampal neuronal loss through necroptosis.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42962834","pmid":"42962834","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105220","title":"Mixture effects of organophosphate flame retardants on human semen quality and sex hormone levels: A weighted quantile sum regression analysis.","journal":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","published":"2026-10-30","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"Organophosphate flame retardants including TDCPP and TCEP were associated with decreased normal sperm morphology, abnormal sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered sex hormone ratios in men.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Hospital\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42950971","pmid":"42950971","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129437","title":"PBDE-to-OPE substitution in urban greenspace soils: OPE-dominated burdens and endpoint-specific risk priorities.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-10-29","design":"other","finding":"mixed","summary":"Organophosphate esters dominated urban greenspace soil burdens and carcinogenic risk, with TDCIPP driving cancer risk, though total human health risks remained within standard risk thresholds.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42925705","pmid":"42925705","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143996","title":"Component-specific effects shape shifts between synergism and antagonism in organophosphate ester mixtures.","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","published":"2026-10-22","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Mixtures containing TDCIPP, TPHP, and TNBP exhibited composition-dependent interactions in human keratinocytes, increasing monolayer permeability at 10 μM, altering differentiation-related gene expression, and inducing lipid remodeling.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42906368","pmid":"42906368","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120949","title":"Sex-specific accumulation and oxidative stress of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and its metabolite bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in rats after 90-day exposure.","journal":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","published":"2026-10-21","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Oral exposure to TDCIPP for 90 days in rats led to sex-specific accumulation of its metabolite BDCIPP and induced organ-specific lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42790853","pmid":"42790853","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.125765","title":"Organophosphate di-ester/tri-ester ratio as a novel interspecific metabolic biomarker: Dual sources and differential metabolism in terrestrial and aquatic organisms.","journal":"Environmental research","published":"2026-09-25","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Analysis of animal-derived foods found varying organophosphate flame retardant metabolite-parent ratios across species, with dietary exposure posing negligible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42743637","pmid":"42743637","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143611","title":"Bimodal regulation of organophosphate esters in estuarine systems: Source fingerprints, decoupled drivers, and structure‑dependent risks.","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","published":"2026-09-14","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"A global synthesis of estuarine data found chlorinated organophosphate esters dominate water and sediment, identifying TCEP as a high-priority pollutant posing ecological risks.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42716372","pmid":"42716372","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129070","title":"The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces nigrostriatal system degeneration.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-09-09","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"TDCIPP exposure in C57BL/6 mice induced movement disorder, anxiety-like behavior, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis via impairment of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42667706","pmid":"42667706","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120711","title":"Environmental risks and cytotoxic effects of the organophosphorus flame-retardant tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) on aquatic organisms: An assessment using the Artemia model.","journal":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","published":"2026-08-29","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Exposure to TCEP impaired cyst hatching, caused developmental malformations, disrupted swimming behavior, and induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in Artemia parthenogenetica at elevated concentrations.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42594988","pmid":"42594988","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128955","title":"Sediments shifting from sink to source of conventional and emerging organophosphate esters.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-08-13","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Analysis of Taihu Lake sediments showed seasonal variations in organophosphate esters including TCEP, with fugacity analysis indicating potential release from sediments to surface water and elevated ecological risk.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42586356","pmid":"42586356","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128951","title":"Probabilistic and sensitive dietary risk assessment of sixteen legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in the Taiwanese populations: A food market basket study.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-08-12","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Dietary exposure modeling for organophosphate flame retardants across Taiwanese population groups found that non-carcinogenic risks remained below levels of concern.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42570587","pmid":"42570587","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120554","title":"Small vulnerable newborns and prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters: Insights from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort.","journal":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","published":"2026-08-08","design":"human_cohort","finding":"no_effect","summary":"In a cohort of 3,208 mother-child dyads, first-trimester exposure to TCEP was associated with a decreased risk of small vulnerable newborns.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42559729","pmid":"42559729","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.70169","title":"Exposure to Structurally Related Organophosphate Esters Elicits Distinct Metabolomic Perturbations in Daphnia magna.","journal":"Environmental toxicology","published":"2026-08-06","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Sub-lethal exposure of Daphnia magna to organophosphate esters, including TCEP, resulted in distinct metabolite perturbations and non-monotonic concentration responses after 48 hours.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42532365","pmid":"42532365","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128861","title":"Organophosphate flame retardants exposure disrupts serum lipid metabolism and induces hepatotoxicity: Evidence from the population and mouse model.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-07-30","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Exposure to chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants was associated with disrupted lipid metabolism in humans and induced hepatotoxicity mediated by altered lipid levels in mice.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42492782","pmid":"42492782","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103530","title":"The mechanism by which long-term exposure to TDCIPP promotes cognitive impairment in 3 ×Tg-AD mice: Insights from multi-omics studies.","journal":"Neurotoxicology","published":"2026-07-23","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Long-term TDCIPP exposure promoted cognitive impairment in 3 ×Tg-AD mice, associated with disruptions in the hippocampal mitophagy pathway, urinary metabolic profile, and gut microbiota composition.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Province\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42515196","pmid":"42515196","pmcid":"PMC13419270","doi":"10.3390/toxics14070629","title":"Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Indoor Dust in Beijing.","journal":"Toxics","published":"2026-07-20","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"Organophosphate esters, including TCEP, were measured in indoor dust in Beijing, with estimated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks remaining below health-based thresholds.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42471512","pmid":"42471512","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1007/s12672-026-05610-z","title":"Multi-omics and network toxicology prioritize ADAMTS13 as a candidate gene computationally linked to TDCPP targets in hepatocellular carcinoma.","journal":"Discover oncology","published":"2026-07-19","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Network toxicology and multi-omics analyses computationally linked TDCPP-associated targets to hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomic alterations, prioritizing ADAMTS13 as a candidate gene.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Hospital\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42456358","pmid":"42456358","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120127","title":"Drivers, latent signatures and parsimonious screening of organophosphate triester mixtures in silver pomfret from Vietnamese coastal waters (2021-2023).","journal":"Marine pollution bulletin","published":"2026-07-15","design":"other","finding":"no_effect","summary":"A secondary analysis of silver pomfret from Vietnamese coastal waters identified organophosphate triester mixture profiles containing TDCIPP and TCEP along with regional and temporal distribution patterns.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42398137","pmid":"42398137","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103509","title":"PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound organophosphate esters and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: A population-based study from China.","journal":"Neurotoxicology","published":"2026-07-03","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"concern","summary":"A study of 131,412 Chinese children associated elevated ambient PM2.5-bound organophosphate esters, including TDCIPP, with increased odds of ADHD symptoms.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42392410","pmid":"42392410","pmcid":"PMC13475518","doi":"10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103504","title":"Zebrafish behavioral assessment as a first-tier whole-organism NAM for developmental neurotoxicity: A multi-laboratory evaluation.","journal":"Neurotoxicology","published":"2026-07-02","design":"animal","finding":"mixed","summary":"A multi-laboratory study evaluated the zebrafish Light-Dark Transition Test across 33 compounds, including TDCIPP, demonstrating its reproducibility and sensitivity for developmental neurotoxicity assessment.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Institute of Environmental Health\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42381465","pmid":"42381465","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1002/jbt.70987","title":"Tris(2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) Induces Respiratory Toxicity Through Oxidative Stress and Multi-Target Interactions: Evidence From Network Toxicology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.","journal":"Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology","published":"2026-07-01","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"TCEP exposure induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and upregulation of MMP-9, MMP-2, and PTGS2 in human bronchial epithelial cells.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42385971","pmid":"42385971","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbi.2026.112227","title":"TCEP induces liver injury through suppression of the PI3K/AKT axis: Integrated evidence from epidemiology, network toxicology, and In vivo validation.","journal":"Chemico-biological interactions","published":"2026-07-01","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"TCEP exposure was associated with elevated liver enzymes in NHANES participants and induced liver injury via PI3K/AKT pathway suppression in a mouse model.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42361670","pmid":"42361670","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120432","title":"TDCPP induces ferroptosis in THP-1 macrophages through mitochondrial regulation of Fe<sup>2 +</sup> homeostasis.","journal":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","published":"2026-06-26","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"TDCPP induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in THP-1 macrophages and altered serum MDA, GSH levels, and lymphocyte iron homeostasis in mice.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42217763","pmid":"42217763","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128460","title":"Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces hepatic injury and lipid metabolic disturbance associated with ferroptosis: Evidence from mice and human liver organoids.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-05-29","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Sub-chronic oral TDCPP exposure in mice and treatment of human liver organoids induced liver injury, lipid metabolism disruption, and markers of ferroptosis.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"University\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42903446","pmid":"42903446","pmcid":"PMC13681439","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.6c00114","title":"Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Seafood from Southeastern China: Impacts of Cooking Methods and Dietary Exposure.","journal":"Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)","published":"2026-05-29","design":"human_cross_sectional","finding":"no_effect","summary":"TDCIPP was dominant in human serum, but noncarcinogenic risks from dietary exposure to organophosphate esters in seafood from southeastern China were within acceptable limits.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"National Natural Science Foundation of China\""],"fundingSource":"full_text","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42214638","pmid":"42214638","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2026.109269","title":"Long-term and low-dose exposure to TDCPP reduces reproductive capacity by enhancing germline apoptosis associated with activation of DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans.","journal":"Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","published":"2026-05-28","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Low-dose TDCPP exposure reduced reproductive capacity and gonad size in Caenorhabditis elegans by promoting germline apoptosis and DNA damage.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42214231","pmid":"42214231","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110321","title":"Immunomodulatory effects of Bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on THP-1-derived macrophages.","journal":"Environment international","published":"2026-05-21","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"Exposure to TDCPP reduced cell viability, modestly activated NFκB, and selectively attenuated specific cytokine responses in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Horizon Europe\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42107814","pmid":"42107814","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbi.2026.112137","title":"Organophosphate esters accumulation induces ovarian dysfunctions: From epidemiological evidence to the exploration of ferroptosis mechanism.","journal":"Chemico-biological interactions","published":"2026-05-08","design":"other","finding":"concern","summary":"Elevated TDCIPP levels correlated with diminished ovarian reserve in women, while mouse and cellular experiments showed TDCIPP induced granulosa cell ferroptosis and impaired fertility.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Natural Science Foundation\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42092422","pmid":"42092422","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128248","title":"TCEP flame retardant linked to prostate cancer progression: Integrative analysis and novel biomarker discovery.","journal":"Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","published":"2026-05-04","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"TCEP exposure promoted prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro, and accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenografts.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42001928","pmid":"42001928","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2026.116103","title":"TDCIPP induces placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction via oxidative stress-mediated PINK1/Parkin mitophagy.","journal":"Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association","published":"2026-04-17","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"TDCIPP induced oxidative stress-mediated PINK1/Parkin mitophagy, causing trophoblast apoptosis, placental injury, and fetal growth restriction in pregnant mice and human trophoblast cells.","funding":"independent","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":["public: \"Natural Science Foundation\""],"fundingSource":"grant_metadata","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42644011","pmid":"42644011","pmcid":"PMC13504553","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00797","title":"A <i>NANOG</i>-<i>EGFP</i> iPSC-Based Reporter Platform for High-Throughput Screening of Environmental Pollutant Effects on Pluripotency.","journal":"Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)","published":"2026-04-01","design":"in_vitro","finding":"concern","summary":"A human iPSC reporter assay demonstrated that the BHT metabolite BHT-COOH significantly suppressed NANOG-EGFP expression at concentrations as low as 10 nmol/L.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42948197","pmid":"42948197","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1007/s43188-026-00344-0","title":"Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) modulates hyperuricemia by regulating the expression of renal urate transporters OAT1, URAT1, and GLUT9.","journal":"Toxicological research","published":"2026-03-25","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"TCEP exposure in mice further elevated uric acid levels in hyperuricemic conditions, increased xanthine oxidase activity, induced inflammation, and caused renal damage.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false},{"id":"pmid:42217922","pmid":"42217922","pmcid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.015","title":"Environmentally relevant concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate disrupt zebrafish hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver axis and transgenerational reproduction.","journal":"Journal of environmental sciences (China)","published":"2025-08-12","design":"animal","finding":"concern","summary":"Exposure of zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP altered sex hormone levels, disrupted HPGL axis gene expression, impaired gonadal development, and reduced reproduction.","funding":"unclear","conflictOfInterest":false,"fundingEvidence":[],"fundingSource":"none","verified":false}],"model":"gemini-3.8-flash","run":{"aiCalls":39,"cachedPapers":1,"offTopic":7,"inputTokens":27205,"outputTokens":5362}}